Teams Games Tournament and Student’ Critical Thinking Skills: A Review of Learning Model Effectiveness
Keywords:
Teams Games Tournament, Cooperative Learning, Critical Thinking Skills, Learning Effectiveness, Literature ReviewAbstract
This article aims to review the effectiveness of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills. Critical thinking is an essential competency in 21st-century learning, as it supports students’ ability to analyze problems, evaluate information, and make logical decisions. This study employed a literature review method by analyzing empirical research articles published in national and international accredited journals between 2020 and 2024. The selected articles were obtained from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ERIC databases and analyzed using content analysis techniques. The findings indicate that the implementation of the TGT learning model consistently contributes to significant improvements in students’ critical thinking skills across various educational levels and subject areas. The effectiveness of TGT is attributed to its cooperative learning structure, integration of game-based activities, and competitive tournament stages that actively engage students in analysis, evaluation, and problem-solving processes. Overall, this review concludes that the Teams Games Tournament learning model is an effective instructional approach for fostering students’ critical thinking skills and is highly relevant for contemporary learning contexts that emphasize higher-order thinking skills.
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